Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s moisture-producing glands, leading to persistent dryness and a wide range of other symptoms. It is one of the most common autoimmune conditions, yet it is frequently underdiagnosed because its symptoms can mimic many other diseases. If you have been experiencing dry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, or unexplained joint pain, you may benefit from an evaluation by a rheumatologist. Dr. Adam Elisha, DO — a board-certified rheumatologist in Duluth, MN — specializes in diagnosing and managing Sjogren’s syndrome and other autoimmune conditions at St. Luke’s Rheumatology Associates.
What Is Sjogren’s Syndrome?
Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own immune system targets the glands that produce tears and saliva. There are two forms:
- Primary Sjogren’s syndrome — occurs on its own, without another underlying autoimmune condition
- Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome — develops alongside another autoimmune disease, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (SLE), but also scleroderma or polymyositis
Sjogren’s affects people of all ages but is most common in women over 40. It is a systemic disease, meaning it can involve organs throughout the body beyond the salivary and tear glands.
Symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome
Glandular Symptoms
- Dry eyes (xerophthalmia) — A persistent feeling of grit, burning, or irritation in the eyes
- Dry mouth (xerostomia) — Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking due to reduced saliva. Increases risk of tooth decay and oral infections.
Extraglandular Symptoms
- Fatigue — Often one of the most disabling symptoms
- Joint pain and swelling
- Dry skin
- Vaginal dryness
- Peripheral neuropathy — Numbness, tingling, or burning in the hands and feet
- Kidney involvement — Less common but possible
- Increased lymphoma risk — Patients have a higher risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, requiring regular monitoring
How Is Sjogren’s Syndrome Diagnosed?
- Anti-SSA (Ro) and anti-SSB (La) antibodies — the most specific blood markers for Sjogren’s
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test — often positive in Sjogren’s
- Schirmer’s test — measures tear production using strips placed under the eyelids
- Lip (minor salivary gland) biopsy — tissue sample examined for inflammatory cell clusters
- Salivary gland ultrasound — detects structural changes consistent with Sjogren’s
Treatment Options for Sjogren’s Syndrome
Symptomatic Relief
- Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops — first-line for dry eyes
- Cyclosporine eye drops (Restasis) — reduces tear gland inflammation
- Pilocarpine (Salagen) — stimulates moisture production in eyes and mouth
- Cevimeline (Evoxac) — stimulates saliva production
Systemic Treatment
- Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) — for joint pain, fatigue, and skin symptoms
- Immunosuppressants — methotrexate, mycophenolate, or rituximab for significant organ involvement
Lymphoma Monitoring
Dr. Elisha monitors patients for warning signs such as persistent swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, or rapid salivary gland enlargement.
Living with Sjogren’s Syndrome
Staying well hydrated, using a humidifier, practicing good oral hygiene, and using preservative-free eye drops regularly can all help reduce discomfort. Pacing activities and prioritizing sleep helps manage fatigue. Regular follow-up with a rheumatologist ensures your treatment plan is adjusted as your condition evolves.
Sjogren’s Syndrome Care in Duluth, MN
If you are searching for a Sjogren’s syndrome specialist in Duluth or the surrounding area, Dr. Adam Elisha at St. Luke’s Rheumatology Associates provides comprehensive evaluation and ongoing management for Sjogren’s syndrome and related autoimmune conditions. Call (218) 249-6960 to schedule an appointment, or ask your primary care provider for a referral to rheumatology.
St. Luke’s Rheumatology Associates is located at 1000 E 1st St, Suite 302, Duluth, MN 55805.